一、沼氣凈化與提純的方法
1、 Methods of biogas purification and purification
1、沼氣脫硫法
1. Biogas desulfurization
脫硫催化劑
Desulfurization catalyst
沼氣中的硫主要以H2S形式存在，所含有機(jī)硫較少。脫除硫化氫的方法很多，一般可分為干法脫硫、濕法脫硫和生物脫硫。
The sulfur in biogas mainly exists in the form of H2S and contains less organic sulfur. There are many ways to remove hydrogen sulfide, which can be generally divided into dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization and biological desulfurization.
（1）濕法脫硫
(1) Wet desulfurization
濕法脫硫是利用特定的溶劑與氣體逆流接觸而脫除其中的H2S，溶劑通過再生后重新進(jìn)行吸收，根據(jù)吸收機(jī)理的不同，又分為化學(xué)吸收法、物理吸收法、物理化學(xué)吸收法以及濕式氧化法。濕式氧化法脫硫效率高，單質(zhì)硫可回收，流程較簡單，大多數(shù)脫硫劑可以再生，運(yùn)行成本低等；同時(shí)該法流程復(fù)雜、投資大、適用于氣體處理量大，H2S含量高的場(chǎng)合。
Wet desulfurization uses a specific solvent to contact with the gas countercurrent to remove H2S. The solvent is re absorbed after regeneration. According to different absorption mechanisms, it is divided into chemical absorption method, physical absorption method, physical chemical absorption method and wet oxidation method. Wet oxidation method has high desulfurization efficiency, recyclable elemental sulfur, simple process, regeneration of most desulfurizers and low operation cost; At the same time, this method has complex process, large investment and is suitable for occasions with large gas treatment capacity and high H2S content.
（2）干法脫硫
(2) Dry desulfurization
干法脫硫通常用于低含硫氣體處理，特別是用于氣體精細(xì)脫硫。大部分干法脫硫工藝由于需要更換脫硫劑而不能繼續(xù)操作，還有一些干法如錳礦法、氧化鋅法、氧化鐵、活性炭等，脫硫劑不能再生或再生次數(shù)很少，脫硫飽和后要廢棄，這樣一方面會(huì)造成環(huán)境問題，另一方面會(huì)增加脫硫成本。
Dry desulfurization is usually used for low sulfur gas treatment, especially for fine gas desulfurization. Most dry desulfurization processes cannot continue to operate due to the need to replace the desulfurizer. There are some dry processes such as manganese ore process, zinc oxide process, iron oxide, activated carbon, etc. the desulfurizer cannot be regenerated or the regeneration times are few. After desulfurization is saturated, it will be discarded, which will cause environmental problems on the one hand and increase the desulfurization cost on the other hand.
（3）生物脫硫
(3) Biological desulfurization
生物脫硫系統(tǒng)以各種微生物的容納力為基礎(chǔ)，利用微生物的生命活動(dòng)將有機(jī)污染轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)人體健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境無害的化合物、生物法常用于污水處理工程中產(chǎn)生的硫化物。生物脫硫技術(shù)包括生物過濾法、生物吸附法和生物滴濾法，三種系統(tǒng)均屬開放系統(tǒng)，其微生物種群隨環(huán)境改變而變化。在生物脫硫過程中，氧化態(tài)的含硫污染物需要先經(jīng)生物還原作用生成硫化物或H2S，然后再經(jīng)生物氧化過程生成單質(zhì)硫，才能去除。
Based on the capacity of various microorganisms, biological desulfurization system uses the life activities of microorganisms to convert organic pollution into compounds harmless to human health and ecological environment. Biological method is often used to produce sulfide in sewage treatment projects. Biological desulfurization technology includes biological filtration, biological adsorption and biological trickle filtration. The three systems are open systems, and their microbial populations change with the change of environment. In the process of biological desulfurization, the oxidized sulfur-containing pollutants need to be removed by first generating sulfide or H2S through biological reduction, and then generating elemental sulfur through biological oxidation.
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2022-05-19
